Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the neocortex. Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting a powerful operating principle of cortex. The image shows layer 5 neocortical pyramidal cells of which the middle one has a dendritic spike.
I’ve written a detailed post about the design process of this cover art on my blog.